Flora
The vegetation of the region is characterized by its conservation and the variety of the species. Five vegetation formations are distinguished:
l.- Tree formation, corresponds to 44% of the island's territory.
2.-Shrub formation, represents the coastal and sub-coastal vegetation.
3.-Herbaceous formation, those belonging to fresh water from dams, rivers, streams and swamp.
4.-Vegetation complexes.
5.-Secondary vegetation.
The greatest diversity of plant species is found in the southern karst plain; where more than 556 higher plant species and 13 fern species are reported.
The cays are dominated by sandy coastal vegetation complexes and mangroves that occupy a considerable portion.
Fauna
The estimate of marine fauna exceeds 1500 species, including fish, coral family (more than 45 species), antipataries, gorgonians, sponges, crustaceans, chelonians, mollusks, sea worms, lobsters, crabs, scale fish, tuna, manjúa, bonito, cobo and others.
The birds are species relevant from the scientific, biological, aesthetic and genetic point of view; present in 52 species that are classified as local residents, of which 17 are reported as endemic.
Of these we have the parrot, quail, rabiche, thrush, torcaza, guineo, yaguasa, pheasant, zunzún, pitirre, mockingbird, cao, falcón, sabanero, garza, coco, jew, chambergo, toco-parrot, owl, owl, kestrel, sparrow, carious, toti, crequeté, puffin, totí, royal woodpecker, chinchila, orejo, sparrowhawk, cotunto, sevilla, tiñosa, arriero, tojosa, mayito, etc.
We find a rich reptile fauna (20 species) with six endemic subspecies, including iguanas and crocodiles. There are also the deer, jutía conga and carabalí, chipojo, juice, majá, jicotea, etc.
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